Introduction

Vitamin-A is a fat-soluble micronutrient metabolised into different chemical forms known as retinoids and has various functions including:

  • Maintenance of normal vision
  • Immune system function
  • Skin and mucous membrane maintenance
  • Normal iron metabolism
  • Cellular energy regulation

Foods Naturally high in Vit-A:
Sweet Potato, Carrots, Apricots, Spinach, Squash, Oily fish, Livers​

Vision

Certain retinoids change structure when absorbing light. This structural shift is detected by opsin protein in our eye and relays signals through optic nerves to our brains.

Skin & Mucous Membranes

ATRA (Vit-A) helps maintain skin’s upper layer epidermis and dermis cells by reinforcing structure and moisture.

ATRA also helps protect mucosal structures through cell maturation and mucin protein production.

Immune function

ATRA (Vit-A) helps with gene transcription for the maturation and functional regulation of immune cells. Helping our body combat disease.

Iron Metabolism

ATRA (Vit-A) helps unlock iron stores from the liver and intestines to mobilise iron across the body to be utilised by different enzymes.

ATRA (Vit-A) further stimulates red blood cell production via mediating transcription of the erythropoietin hormone.

Energy Regulation

Retinol (Vit A) helps keep energy levels constant and prevents excessive energy production by sensing Cytochrome 3+ levels and controlling production.


Note: This section details the cellular mechanics of Vit-A within the mitochondria. While retinol is scientifically understood to act as a homeostatic sensor to regulate cellular energy flux, "energy regulation" refers strictly to these internal biochemical pathways and is not an approved public health claim by the FDA or EFSA for dietary energy or fatigue enhancement.

References & Learn More

Scientific articles from where we've produced the material in this page

  1. Carazo, A., Macáková, K., Matoušová, K., Krčmová, L. K., Protti, M., & Mladěnka, P. (2021). Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity. Nutrients, 13(5), 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051703
  2. Beijer, M. R., Kraal, G., & den Haan, J. M. (2014). Vitamin A and dendritic cell differentiation. Immunology, 142(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12228
  3. Mambwe, B., Mellody, K. T., Kiss, O., O'Connor, C., Bell, M., Watson, R. E. B., & Langton, A. K. (2024). Cosmetic retinoid use in photoaged skin: A review of the compounds, their use and mechanisms of action. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 47(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.13013
  4. Hammerling, U., Kim, Y. K., & Quadro, L. (2023). Quantum chemistry rules retinoid biology. Communications Biology, 6(1), 227. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04602-x

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